EFEITO DO TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO EM PACIENTES COM INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA
Resumo
A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome clínica que ocorre devido a uma série de patologias e alterações cardiovasculares, culminando em fadiga precoce, fraqueza muscular e dispneia. Estudos apontaram que o treinamento resistido (TR) promove benefícios em pacientes com IC, como o aumento de força muscular (FM), a melhora do condicionamento físico e da qualidade de vida (QV). A presente revisão tem por objetivo identificar os efeitos do TR e a sua importância em pacientes com IC. Foi conduzida uma busca de artigos científicos nas bases de dados eletrônicos do MEDLINE, LILACS, além de busca manual de referências bibliográficas de estudos publicados sobre o assunto. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs), publicados após o ano de 2008, com no mínimo oito semanas de intervenção. Dos 715 artigos identificados, foram selecionados oito ECR’s, totalizando 231 pacientes, que compararam os efeitos do TR versus exercício aeróbio, TR combinado com o exercício aeróbio versus exercício aeróbio e TR versus grupo controle. Os estudos selecionados demonstraram problemas metodológicos, porém, evidenciaram que o TR evita a perda de massa muscular e diminui a resistência vascular periférica (RVP), além de promover o aumento da FM e aumentar a tolerância dos pacientes ao exercício. Existe discordância nos achados quanto à influência do TR no consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx) e na fração de ejeção (FE) do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). Com base nos achados dos estudos inseridos nessa revisão verifica-se que a utilização do TR em pacientes com IC é eficaz e segura, sendo uma ferramenta de suma importância na inserção de protocolos de reabilitação cardíaca (RC).
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