DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER E DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: RELAÇÕES METABÓLICAS E NEURODEGENERATIVAS
Resumo
Resumo:A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa crônica, caracterizada pela perda progressiva da memória e da função cognitiva. Dentre os diferentes tipos de demência, a DA é a demência com maior prevalência no mundo.Caracteriza-se por alterações no sistema colinérgico e por desestruturação de células do hipocampo. Estas alterações são originadas pela hiperfosforilação da proteína TAU (intracelular) e presença de placas β-amilóides no encéfalo de pacientes com diagnóstico de DA. Recentemente, estudos vêm sugerindo que estes fatores possam ser desencadeados por alterações bioquímicas e fisiológicas características do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), uma vez que ambos os transtornos possuem em sua grande maioria, níveis aumentados de glicose sanguínea. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a relação entre a glicemia aumentada levada pela DM2 com a DA. Para contemplar tal objetivo, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. Consultou-se preferencialmente artigos empíricos, publicados nos últimos cinco anos, redigidos em inglês e em português. Estudos mostram que pacientes com DM2 possuem risco aumentado de desenvolver DA. Também se observa que a resistência à insulina e o nível elevado de glicose no organismo desencadeiam reações que estão de alguma forma associadas à hiperfosforilação da proteína TAU e ao depósito de placas β-amilóides em regiões encefálicas associadas à DA. Com os dados apontados na presente revisão, observou-se que na DA há uma complexidade de vias metabólicas e alterações encefálicas. Ainda assim, se destaca as complicações neuronais que podem resultar do manejo inapropriado do DM, como as mencionadas relações com a DA.
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